Biotechnology: Pendred Syndrome
Treatments:
Pendred Syndrome causes the thyroid gland to stop functioning properly which means there is less iodine in the thyroid. When there is not enough iodine in the thyroid to carry out it's functions, the thyroid is forced to work harder causing an enlarged thyroid, which is called a goiter.
Goiters are not necessarily harmful to the people who have them unless they begin to put pressure on the esophagus making it hard for a person to breathe or swallow.
In efforts to get rid of this goiter so that the thyroid begins to function properly and people can swallow and breathe correctly again, seaweed infused iodine pills will be prescribed. In addition to these pills iodine infused diets or meal plans will be proposed to people.
Seaweed
Seaweed is a super food that most people overlook. It contains high levels of iodine that most people cannot find in other foods. By adding seaweed into someone's dietary plan or simply one meal out of the day can offer a person a good amount of iodine into their bloodstream for their thyroid to use to again begin functioning properly. When this seaweed infused meal plan is added on top of the iodine pill it gives the person the healthy amount that is needed to make things once again function
correctly.
Enhanced Seaweed
The key to getting higher amounts of iodine into the seaweed is by genetically modifying the seaweed so that higher amounts of iodine can be held in one serving of seaweed or plant.
This can be done through gene therapy.
Gene therapy is the best way to genetically modify the seaweed plant for higher amounts of iodine.
The process will be performed as follows...
Importance of Biotechnology
Biotechnology is incredibly important for the creation of treatments for Pendred Syndrome. Biotechnology allows scientists to modify cellular processes, chromosomes, and genes in order to create treatments or even cures for diseases. Biotechnology gives scientists the desired opportunities to modify things in order to change people's lives for the better.
What happens to the cell process?
First...how do the cells function?
The thyroid gland contains two types of cells: follicular cells and parafollicular cells.
The follicular cells secrete thyroid hormones that are responsible for growth and
development. metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate. The size of follicular cells
are ranged from low columnar (uni-layered) to cuboidal cell which is a cube shape when
the cell is not secreting the thyroid hormones. When they are secreting the hormones,
the cells become tall and columnar.
Pendred Syndrome causes the thyroid gland to stop functioning properly which means there is less iodine in the thyroid. When there is not enough iodine in the thyroid to carry out it's functions, the thyroid is forced to work harder causing an enlarged thyroid, which is called a goiter.
Goiters are not necessarily harmful to the people who have them unless they begin to put pressure on the esophagus making it hard for a person to breathe or swallow.
In efforts to get rid of this goiter so that the thyroid begins to function properly and people can swallow and breathe correctly again, seaweed infused iodine pills will be prescribed. In addition to these pills iodine infused diets or meal plans will be proposed to people.
- for example: Iodine or seaweed infused breakfast smoothies
Seaweed
Seaweed is a super food that most people overlook. It contains high levels of iodine that most people cannot find in other foods. By adding seaweed into someone's dietary plan or simply one meal out of the day can offer a person a good amount of iodine into their bloodstream for their thyroid to use to again begin functioning properly. When this seaweed infused meal plan is added on top of the iodine pill it gives the person the healthy amount that is needed to make things once again function
correctly.
Enhanced Seaweed
The key to getting higher amounts of iodine into the seaweed is by genetically modifying the seaweed so that higher amounts of iodine can be held in one serving of seaweed or plant.
This can be done through gene therapy.
Gene therapy is the best way to genetically modify the seaweed plant for higher amounts of iodine.
The process will be performed as follows...
- isolate the gene that codes for iodine
- remove that gene
- take an extra amount of iodine
- inject it into the isolated iodine gene
- take this modified gene and produce more seaweed with the modified gene in its chromosomes
Importance of Biotechnology
Biotechnology is incredibly important for the creation of treatments for Pendred Syndrome. Biotechnology allows scientists to modify cellular processes, chromosomes, and genes in order to create treatments or even cures for diseases. Biotechnology gives scientists the desired opportunities to modify things in order to change people's lives for the better.
What happens to the cell process?
First...how do the cells function?
The thyroid gland contains two types of cells: follicular cells and parafollicular cells.
The follicular cells secrete thyroid hormones that are responsible for growth and
development. metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate. The size of follicular cells
are ranged from low columnar (uni-layered) to cuboidal cell which is a cube shape when
the cell is not secreting the thyroid hormones. When they are secreting the hormones,
the cells become tall and columnar.
Follicular Cells Follicular and Parafollicular Cells
Second...how do they perform secretion and what do they secrete?
The thyroid gland’s cells create and dispose of their waste by absorbing the waste into the cell and then disposing of it through the parafollicular cell which secretes calcitonin (hormone that promotes bone formation) into the bloodstream. This is getting rid of the waste inside the cell while putting the calcitonin hormone into the blood of the organism. The parafollicular cell contains lysosomes that break down the waste thus making it easier to secrete with the calcitonin. By getting rid of this calcitonin, the parafollicular cell is maintaining a balance within the thyroid gland allowing it to function properly.
The thyroid gland’s cells create and dispose of their waste by absorbing the waste into the cell and then disposing of it through the parafollicular cell which secretes calcitonin (hormone that promotes bone formation) into the bloodstream. This is getting rid of the waste inside the cell while putting the calcitonin hormone into the blood of the organism. The parafollicular cell contains lysosomes that break down the waste thus making it easier to secrete with the calcitonin. By getting rid of this calcitonin, the parafollicular cell is maintaining a balance within the thyroid gland allowing it to function properly.
The process of these important cells are indeed disrupted or altered by the disease. Pendred syndrome causes a lack of iodine in the thyroid tissue which triggers the excessive growth of the gland and throat. Calcitonin is secreted in order to break down the iodine into the blood. Without this iodine, the calcitonin cannot regulate anything. If the calcitonin cannot regulate, it will not be secreted by the thyroid cell which destroys the hormone's purpose for the human body (bone breaks/withers down, high and dangerous levels of calcium).
HOWEVER...
Our two seaweed treatments have been created to serve patients with this syndrome and restore the thyroids function closest to its full potential. Like mentioned at the top of this page, seaweed contains one of the highest levels of iodine. Through gene therapy and diet/meal plans, the level of iodine entering a human's bloodstream will be boosted. Now the thyroid will be able to use the calcitonin hormone to regulate the improved supply of iodine into the blood.
HOWEVER...
Our two seaweed treatments have been created to serve patients with this syndrome and restore the thyroids function closest to its full potential. Like mentioned at the top of this page, seaweed contains one of the highest levels of iodine. Through gene therapy and diet/meal plans, the level of iodine entering a human's bloodstream will be boosted. Now the thyroid will be able to use the calcitonin hormone to regulate the improved supply of iodine into the blood.
Diagrams:
Citations:
http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/index.html - Action Bio Science
http://sciencenetlinks.com/student-teacher-sheets/organ-systems/ -Science Net Links
http://endocrinediseases.org/parathyroid/parathyroid_background.shtml - The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons
http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/pages/pendred.aspx - NIH
https://www.counsyl.com/services/family-prep-screen/diseases/pendred-syndrome/ - Counsyl: Pendred Syndrome
http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-35-iodine.aspx?activeingredientid=35&activeingredientname=iodine - WebMD
http://www.seaweedpete.com/seaweed-benefits-2/ - Seaweed Pete
http://www.nku.edu/~dempseyd/THE_ENDOCRINE4.htm - The Thyroid Gland
http://people.upei.ca/bate/html/notesonthyroidfunction.html - Notes on Thyroid Function
https://adapaproject.org/bbk/tiki-index.php?page=Leaf%3A+Why+is+it+so+important+that+organisms+tightly+regulate+their+calcium+levels%3F - BioBook
http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/index.html - Action Bio Science
http://sciencenetlinks.com/student-teacher-sheets/organ-systems/ -Science Net Links
http://endocrinediseases.org/parathyroid/parathyroid_background.shtml - The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons
http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/pages/pendred.aspx - NIH
https://www.counsyl.com/services/family-prep-screen/diseases/pendred-syndrome/ - Counsyl: Pendred Syndrome
http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-35-iodine.aspx?activeingredientid=35&activeingredientname=iodine - WebMD
http://www.seaweedpete.com/seaweed-benefits-2/ - Seaweed Pete
http://www.nku.edu/~dempseyd/THE_ENDOCRINE4.htm - The Thyroid Gland
http://people.upei.ca/bate/html/notesonthyroidfunction.html - Notes on Thyroid Function
https://adapaproject.org/bbk/tiki-index.php?page=Leaf%3A+Why+is+it+so+important+that+organisms+tightly+regulate+their+calcium+levels%3F - BioBook